Cold-Chain and Refrigerated Container (Reefer) Shipping

Cold-chain logistics keeps temperature-sensitive products in the right range from producer to customer. It is used for fruit, vegetables, seafood, meat, dairy and medicines.

Reefer container basics

• A reefer is a container with its own refrigeration unit
• It needs power from the ship, the terminal, a generator set (genset) or a truck
• You set a temperature and sometimes humidity and ventilation
• Standard reefers are commonly 20ft and 40ft, with the 40ft high cube popular for volume

Key steps

1. Pre-cool: cool the container before loading
2. Check the product: it should already be at the correct temperature when loaded
3. Load correctly: leave airflow space and do not block vents
4. Set and record the temperature: use a data logger when the buyer or product requires it
5. Monitor during transit: your forwarder or shipping line can provide reports
6. Keep power connected: ensure the unit stays plugged in at the port, depot, and during trucking

Common risks

• Power loss at the port or during delays
• Poor pre-cooling or hot cargo
• Blocked airflow that spoils goods
• Long clearance times for perishable goods

Costs to expect

higher freight than dry containers, plug-in charges at the port, and genset rental for trucking.

Tips

• Choose a forwarder with reefer experience
• Clear perishable cargo first and avoid weekends and holidays
• Insure high-value cold-chain cargo

Requirements differ by product and destination country. Confirm inspection and certificate needs in advance.