Port Charges, Demurrage and Detention: How to Avoid Them

Unexpected charges at the port can cut your margin. Learn the main terms so you can plan.

Common charges

• Terminal handling charge (THC): for moving the container at the terminal
• Documentation and D/O fee: charged by the shipping line or agent
• Customs clearance fee: charged by your broker
• Trucking and chassis: to move the container

Costs from delays

• Demurrage: a daily fee when your full container stays inside the port beyond the free time
• Detention: a daily fee when you keep the container outside the port beyond the free time
• Storage: a daily fee charged by the terminal after free storage ends

Free time is the number of days you can use before these fees start. It is stated on the shipping line's terms and varies by line, route and container type.

How to avoid extra fees

1. Ask for the free days in writing before you book
2. Prepare customs documents before the vessel arrives
3. Pay the shipping line charges quickly to get the D/O
4. Book trucks early
5. Unload and return the empty container fast
6. Ask for extra free time if you expect delays, because many lines offer it at the booking stage

If you are charged

ask for the invoice breakdown, check dates against the actual gate-in and gate-out times, and dispute errors quickly.